Pioneering Water Treatment with PVDF Ultrafiltration Membranes
For creatures to thrive, they require water, yet freshwater is only found in a small portion of the water that is readily available1, 2. Dyes are one of the main contaminants found in wastewater discharged from a variety of sectors, mostly textiles, and paper, and they pose a danger to human health as well as negatively impact the environment.3. Textile industrial dyes are characterized by their complicated structures, large molecular weight, non-biodegradability, and hazardous reactants. Additionally, the development of aquatic plants is hampered by dyes that act as a barrier to light emission, hence cleaning such effluents is essential4,5. Adsorption, membrane separation, coagulation, and chemical/photocatalytic oxidation are frequently used techniques for handling wastewater containing dyes6. Membrane separation methods with high efficiency, low energy consumption, and simplicity of operation have drawn increased attention because of the high energy requirements and restricted reus